1. What is Road Gradient?

Road gradient, also known as slope or incline, represents the steepness of a road surface. It is expressed as a percentage that indicates the vertical rise relative to the horizontal run over a specific distance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the standard gradient formula:

Where:

• \( \text{Rise} \) — Vertical height difference (meters)
• \( \text{Run} \) — Horizontal distance (meters)
• \( \text{Gradient %} \) — Percentage slope result

Explanation: The formula calculates the ratio of vertical change to horizontal distance and converts it to a percentage by multiplying by 100.

3. Importance of Gradient Calculation

Details: Road gradient calculation is essential for road design, construction, vehicle performance assessment, cycling routes, and determining accessibility for various types of vehicles and pedestrians.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the vertical rise in meters and the horizontal run in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered a steep road gradient?
A: Generally, gradients above 10% are considered steep, while gradients above 20% are very steep and challenging for most vehicles.

Q2: How does gradient affect vehicle performance?
A: Steeper gradients require more engine power, increase fuel consumption, and affect braking distance and vehicle stability.

Q3: What is the maximum gradient for roads?
A: Maximum gradients vary by road type: highways typically 6-8%, local roads up to 12-15%, and mountain roads may exceed 20%.

Q4: How is gradient different from angle?
A: Gradient is expressed as percentage while angle is in degrees. A 45° angle equals 100% gradient, and 100% gradient equals 45°.

Q5: Why use percentage instead of degrees for roads?
A: Percentage is more intuitive for road design as it directly relates vertical rise to horizontal distance, making it easier for engineering calculations.