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Conductivity Formula:
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The resistance to conductivity conversion calculates electrical conductivity (σ) from resistivity (ρ) using the fundamental relationship between these two electrical properties. Conductivity represents how well a material conducts electric current.
The calculator uses the conductivity formula:
Where:
Explanation: Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity, representing how easily electric current flows through a material.
Details: Conductivity calculations are essential in materials science, electrical engineering, and semiconductor design for characterizing material properties and selecting appropriate materials for specific applications.
Tips: Enter resistivity value in Ω·m. The value must be greater than zero. The calculator will automatically compute the corresponding conductivity in S/m.
Q1: What is the difference between resistivity and conductivity?
A: Resistivity measures how strongly a material opposes electric current flow, while conductivity measures how easily electric current flows through a material. They are reciprocal properties.
Q2: What are typical conductivity values for common materials?
A: Silver: ~6.3×10⁷ S/m, Copper: ~5.96×10⁷ S/m, Sea water: ~5 S/m, Drinking water: 0.0005-0.05 S/m, Glass: ~10⁻¹² S/m.
Q3: Why is conductivity important in material selection?
A: Conductivity determines a material's suitability for electrical applications - conductors need high conductivity, while insulators require low conductivity.
Q4: How does temperature affect conductivity?
A: For metals, conductivity decreases with increasing temperature. For semiconductors, conductivity increases with temperature.
Q5: What units are used for conductivity?
A: The SI unit is Siemens per meter (S/m). Other common units include mS/cm (millisiemens per centimeter) and μS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter).