1. What is Electrical Resistance?

Electrical resistance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a material. It depends on the material's resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area according to the formula R = ρL/A.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the resistance formula:

Where:

• \( R \) — Electrical resistance (Ω)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of the material (Ω·m)
• \( L \) — Length of the conductor (m)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of the conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula shows that resistance increases with length and decreases with cross-sectional area, while resistivity is an intrinsic property of the material.

3. Importance of Resistance Calculation

Details: Accurate resistance calculation is crucial for designing electrical circuits, selecting appropriate wire sizes, calculating power losses, and ensuring proper functioning of electrical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter resistivity in Ω·m, length in meters, and cross-sectional area in square meters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is resistivity?
A: Resistivity is an intrinsic property of materials that quantifies how strongly they oppose electric current flow. Different materials have different resistivity values.

Q2: How does temperature affect resistance?
A: For most conductors, resistance increases with temperature due to increased atomic vibrations that impede electron flow.

Q3: What are typical resistivity values?
A: Copper: 1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Aluminum: 2.82×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Silver: 1.59×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Iron: 1.0×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.

Q4: Why does resistance increase with length?
A: Longer conductors provide more obstacles for electrons to navigate, increasing the total resistance.

Q5: Why does resistance decrease with area?
A: Larger cross-sectional areas provide more pathways for electrons to flow, reducing the overall resistance.