1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. It ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( pH \) — pH value (unitless)
• \( [H⁺] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( \log_{10} \) — Base-10 logarithm

Explanation: The formula calculates the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration to determine the pH value of a solution.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science. It helps determine solution acidity/basicity, affects chemical reactions, and is crucial for maintaining biological systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of pH values?
A: pH ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 being acidic, 7 being neutral, and above 7 being basic.

Q2: How is hydrogen ion concentration measured?
A: Hydrogen ion concentration can be measured using various methods including pH meters, indicators, or calculated from known acid concentrations.

Q3: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is calculated as -log10[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is hydroxide ion concentration.

Q4: Why use logarithmic scale for pH?
A: The logarithmic scale compresses the wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations (10^-14 to 10^0 mol/L) into a manageable 0-14 scale.

Q5: What factors affect pH accuracy?
A: Temperature, ionic strength, and the presence of other ions can affect pH measurements. Calibration with standard buffers is essential for accurate readings.