1. What is Phase Angle?

The phase angle (φ) represents the phase difference between voltage and current in AC circuits. It indicates whether a circuit is predominantly resistive, capacitive, or inductive, and determines the power factor of the system.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the phase angle formula:

Where:

• \( \phi \) — Phase angle (radians or degrees)
• \( X \) — Reactance (Ω)
• \( R \) — Resistance (Ω)

Explanation: The formula calculates the angle whose tangent is the ratio of reactance to resistance, representing the phase shift between voltage and current waveforms.

3. Importance of Phase Angle Calculation

Details: Phase angle is crucial for understanding power factor, analyzing AC circuit behavior, designing filters, and optimizing electrical system efficiency. It helps determine whether a load is resistive, capacitive, or inductive.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter reactance and resistance values in ohms (Ω), select desired output unit (radians or degrees). Both values must be positive and non-zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a positive phase angle indicate?
A: A positive phase angle indicates an inductive circuit where current lags behind voltage.

Q2: What does a negative phase angle indicate?
A: A negative phase angle indicates a capacitive circuit where current leads voltage.

Q3: What is the range of possible phase angle values?
A: Phase angle ranges from -90° to +90° (-π/2 to +π/2 radians), depending on the circuit characteristics.

Q4: How is phase angle related to power factor?
A: Power factor = cos(φ), where φ is the phase angle. A phase angle of 0° means unity power factor (purely resistive load).

Q5: When is phase angle zero?
A: Phase angle is zero in purely resistive circuits where voltage and current are in phase.