1. What is an Inverting Amplifier?

An inverting amplifier is a basic operational amplifier configuration that produces an output signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal. It amplifies the input voltage with a negative gain determined by the ratio of feedback to input resistors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the inverting amplifier formula:

Where:

• \( R_f \) — Feedback resistance (ohms)
• \( R_{in} \) — Input resistance (ohms)
• \( Gain \) — Amplification factor (unitless)

Explanation: The negative sign indicates phase inversion, and the gain magnitude is determined by the ratio of feedback resistance to input resistance.

3. Importance of Gain Calculation

Details: Accurate gain calculation is crucial for designing amplifier circuits, signal processing applications, and ensuring proper signal amplification in electronic systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter feedback resistance and input resistance in ohms. Both values must be positive and non-zero. The calculator will compute the gain with proper sign for phase inversion.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the gain negative?
A: The negative sign indicates that the output signal is inverted (180° phase shift) relative to the input signal, which is characteristic of inverting amplifier configurations.

Q2: What are typical resistance values used?
A: Typical values range from 1kΩ to 1MΩ, depending on the application. The ratio determines the gain, not the absolute values.

Q3: Can the gain be less than 1?
A: Yes, if R_f is less than R_in, the gain magnitude will be less than 1, creating an attenuator rather than an amplifier.

Q4: What are the limitations of this configuration?
A: Input impedance is relatively low (equal to R_in), and the circuit requires a dual power supply for proper operation.

Q5: How does this differ from non-inverting amplifiers?
A: Non-inverting amplifiers have positive gain, higher input impedance, and the input signal is applied to the non-inverting terminal.