1. What is Resistivity?

Resistivity (ρ) is a fundamental property of materials that quantifies how strongly they oppose the flow of electric current. It is the reciprocal of conductivity (σ) and is measured in ohm-meters (Ω·m).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the resistivity formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Resistivity (ohm·m)
• \( \sigma \) — Conductivity (S/m)

Explanation: This inverse relationship shows that materials with high conductivity have low resistivity, and vice versa.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Resistivity is crucial for material selection in electrical engineering, determining insulation properties, designing electronic components, and understanding material behavior in various applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter conductivity value in Siemens per meter (S/m). The value must be greater than zero. The calculator will compute the corresponding resistivity in ohm-meters.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between resistivity and resistance?
A: Resistivity is an intrinsic material property, while resistance depends on both the material's resistivity and its physical dimensions (length and cross-sectional area).

Q2: What are typical resistivity values for common materials?
A: Conductors (copper): ~1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m; Semiconductors (silicon): ~0.1-1000 Ω·m; Insulators (glass): ~10¹⁰-10¹⁴ Ω·m.

Q3: How does temperature affect resistivity?
A: For most metals, resistivity increases with temperature. For semiconductors, resistivity typically decreases with temperature.

Q4: What are the units of conductivity?
A: Conductivity is measured in Siemens per meter (S/m), which is equivalent to 1/(ohm·m).

Q5: Why is resistivity important in material science?
A: Resistivity helps classify materials as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators, and is essential for designing electrical and electronic systems.